The Importance of Proofreading
Proofreading
Proofreading means examining your text carefully to find and correct typographical errors and mistakes in grammar, style, and spelling. Here are some tips.Before submitting or printing an academic research paper, essay, email, memo, or any other written document, it is very important to carefully proofread it. Proofreading of written material is the final and essential step that must be taken before a document can be considered complete.
When proofreading a document, you should first read it slowly and carefully to determine whether or not it communicates its message. If the title or the introductory paragraph do not clearly signal the intent of the paper or if the paragraphs which follow do not naturally flow from that introduction, you might want to rewrite those parts of your paper. If the research does not seem to verify what you are attempting to communicate, you may wish to rethink your thesis or you may need to conduct further research.
Once that part of the proofreading process, the overview editing, has been completed, it is time to perform a more exacting analysis of the paper. During this part of the proofreading procedure, you should search for errors in spelling, word usage, grammar, and punctuation. After all, a poorly written paper cannot possibly communicate its message properly to the reader.
Proofreading symbols for general instructions
| The instruction | The mark in the margin | The mark in the copy |
|---|---|---|
| "Stet" Leave the text as it was and ignore any marks that have been made |  |  under the characters to be left as they were. |
| Remove all these non-textual marks |  | Circle round marks to be removed |
| Query this with the author, printer or publisher |  | Circle round text to be queried |
Proofreading symbols for inserting, deleting and changing text
| The instruction | The mark in the margin | The mark in the copy |
|---|---|---|
| Text to be inserted | The text and then | |
| Additional text supplied separately | A letter in a diamond identifying the supplied text, e.g. | |
| Delete character |  |  through the character |
| Delete text | |  through the text |
| Delete character and close space |  |  through the character |
| Delete text and close space | |  through the text |
| Character to replace marked character | The new character | through the character |
| Text to replace marked text | The new text | through the text |
Proofreading symbols for changing the look of the text
| The instruction | The mark in the margin | The mark in the copy |
|---|---|---|
| Change to the correct font |  | Circle round character(s) to be changed |
| Change this badly printed text |  | Circle round character(s) to be changed |
| Put this in italics |  |  under the characters to be changed |
| Remove italic, replace with upright |  | Circle round character(s) to be changed |
| Put this in capitals |  |  under the characters to be changed |
| Put this in small capitals |  |  under the characters to be changed |
| Change to lowercase |  or | Circle round character(s) to be changed |
| Put this in bold |  |  under the characters to be changed |
| Turn this upside down |  | Circle round character(s) to be changed |
| Raise character(s) to superscript |  Under character(s) | at insertion point or through character to be raised |
| Lower character(s) to subscript |  Above character(s) | at insertion point or through character to be lowered |
Proofreading symbols for punctuation
| The instruction | The mark in the margin | The mark in the copy |
|---|---|---|
| Comma |  | at insertion point or through character to be changed |
| Full stop |  | As above |
| Semi-colon |  | As above |
| Colon |  | As above |
| Apostrophe |  | As above |
| Single quote mark(s) |  or | As above |
| Double quote marks |  or | As above |
| Ellipsis |  | As above |
| Dotted leader |  | As above |
| Hyphen |  | As above |
| Dash |  Write the size of the dash between the uprights | As above |
| Solidus or slash |  | As above |
Proofreading symbols for layout
| The instruction | The mark in the margin | The mark in the copy |
|---|---|---|
| Paragraph break |  | |
| Remove paragraph break |  | |
| Indent |  Specify the size of indent |  |
| Remove indent |  |  |
| Justify left or right |  or |  or  |
| Centre |  |  |
| Insert space between characters |  If it is not a single space, give size |  Insert between the characters |
| Insert space between words | If it is not a single space, give size | Insert between the words |
| Reduce space between characters |  Specify size of space | Insert between the characters |
| Reduce space between words | Specify size of space | Insert between the words |
| Remove space |  |  |
| Insert space between lines | The mark starts in the margin and extends between the lines. If it is not a single line-space, give size |  |
| Remove space between lines | The mark starts in the margin and extends between the lines |  |
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